What does the research say about which methods are best for helping children with autism?

According to the National Academy of Sciences, there are no definitive studies proving any one method.  There is, however, evidence for the helpfulness of a number of approaches.  These include DIR/Floortime and other relationship-based models, as well as behavioral models, such as ABA or discrete trial approaches.

The Academy’s report (“Educating Children with Autism”, 2001) points out that different approaches work on different areas of functioning.  DIR/Floortime works on the fundamental capacities for relating, communicating and thinking, and tends to help the child use fundamental skills capacities in a wide range of naturally occurring situations.  Behavioral approaches, in contrast, tend to work on specific behaviors in very controlled settings.  The Academy’s report further notes that many behavioral approaches are moving toward using more spontaneous types of learning situations, though ABA discrete trial behavioral approaches, which tend to be more structured and controlled, are generally less a part of this growing trend toward more spontaneous learning situations. 

What’s clearly needed are clinical trial studies comparing the different approaches.  In the meantime, the Academy report emphasizes that parents need to select and tailor the approach to their child’s unique qualities and needs.  The DIR/Floortime approach provides a framework for understanding the unique qualities of each child, regardless of his diagnosis, and for organizing a comprehensive program, including different techniques and therapies, that enables each child to climb the developmental ladder and achieve optimal growth.